Biophilic Design for Learning

Biophilic Design Defined

Biophilic design has received growing attention in recent years. The idea that nature connections help to inspire, calm and nurture us almost seems like common sense. Biologist Edward O. Wilson, who wrote the book “Biophilia,” described our innate tendency to affiliate with nature.

Biophilic design acknowledges this reality and focuses on strategies to increase occupant connections to the natural environment. This is achieved through a combination of direct connections, simulated nature, and space and place conditions.

Clear partitions allow natural light into smaller meeting areas. The flooring and furniture feature a natural palette and organic patterns. Messiah University Murray Library

Biophilic Design for Learning Spaces

Numerous studies have demonstrated the value of biophilic design for improving test scores, enhancing concentration and well-being. These are just a few examples of the documented benefits that apply to educational spaces. These strategies are part of the checklist our interior design team references when designing renovations or new educational facilities for students of any age.

Green roofs, living walls, nature courtyards and expansive windows are “big picture” concepts to consider whenever possible. Simple measures, like introducing plants into a classroom, can have a positive impact, but that is only scratching the surface of what can be done.

A range of interior design strategies can also add value from a biophilic design perspective. Examples include natural materials, textures and colors that provide intellectual stimulation, as well as learning nooks or huddle spaces that simulate a place of refuge.

Biophilic Design and Color

Just as the natural world features an infinite variety of colors, biophilic design calls for a diverse palette that replicates shades and textures commonly found in nature. This includes earth tones such as blues, greens and browns that are prevalent in the sky, water, trees and foliage. This can be articulated through almost any interior finish or furnishing, from acoustical ceiling tiles to flooring patterns and everything in between.

Perhaps due to its prevalence in nature, blue is the most popular color, according to public opinion polls. Blue is often valued for its perceived calming qualities. Scientists also believe that our brains and nervous systems react to green with a sense of calm because our eyes detect green wavelengths more readily than any other color. Another positive for green is that looking at plants has been shown to increase attention span and concentration levels which has obvious benefits for learning environments. Other earthy tones found in natural landscapes, such as soft browns, grays and tans are also good for nature-inspired design selections.

Biophilic Design and Finishes

Manufacturers of flooring, ceiling and wall treatment materials have increasingly looked to nature for inspiration. This encompasses organic color combinations, varied textures and unique patterns that emulate the sense of movement and visual interest found in the world around us. Wood-look luxury vinyl tile offers this type of natural texture and variation. It also provides the added benefit of being maintenance-friendly and scratch-resistant.

Acoustic ceiling tiles are another great opportunity to introduce organic shapes while providing functionality based on their Noise Reduction Coefficient. Even signage provides the opportunity for introducing biophilic elements whether through a literal depiction of natural elements or patterns and shapes evocative of nature. Considering the sustainable attributes of the materials used in educational settings is equally important for biophilic design.

We evaluate whether materials have been produced responsibly and confirm that they do not emit any VOCs (volatile organic compounds),” according to Amy Kleinfelter, IIDA, LEED AP ID+C.  “We also consider acoustical suitability and maintenance for different types of learning spaces.”

Biophilic Design and Furniture

Pebble Stools from Allemuir.

Similarly, furniture selections emphasize sustainable materials and nature-inspired shapes and patterns. More recent furniture options, such as banquette seating, reading nooks or pods, also support the biophilic design principle of refuge. Spaces of refuge provide a sense of enclosure and protection. For example, a corner where a student can curl up with a good book provides “prospect” views into other areas of potential interest. An interior trellis or screen creates a smaller-scale, biophilic-inspired refuge area that functions well as a quiet zone for concentration and reflection.

Prospect is the concept of long views, such as from an atrium, staircase landing or classroom entrance, into other areas, often toward an area of refuge. When given the choice, students tend to pick a seat that provides the greatest line of sight. Providing a mix of options provides the needed flexibility to accommodate different types of learning. This might include open-style, high-top tables for work desks or touchdown stations with more enclosed reading nooks.

By considering interior design strategies for the built environment, educators can incorporate biophilic design elements to positively impact learning.